标签：aquamicron

GKS100M | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS 10mg
GKS30M | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS 3mg
GKS10M (Manufactured before Feb, 2017) | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS 1mg
GKS10M (LOT No.B17232) | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS 1mg
GKS10M | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS 1mg
GMW20 | Aquamicron™ Standard Water-Methanol 2mg
GMW05 | Aquamicron™ Standard Water-Methanol 0.5mg
GML | Aquamicron™ Solvent ML
GCM | Aquamicron™ Solvent CM
GME | Aquamicron™ Solvent ME
GPE | Aquamicron™ Solvent PE
GPP | Aquamicron™ Solvent PP
GMS | Aquamicron™ Solvent MS
GFM(Manufactured before May,2013) | Aquamicron™ Solvent FM
GFM | Aquamicron™ Solvent FM
GCP | Aquamicron™ Solvent CP
SKT | Dehydrated Solvent KT
SSU(Manufactured before May,2013) | Aquamicron™ Solvent SU
SSU | Aquamicron™ Solvent SU
SAMA(Manufactured before May,2013) | Aquamicron™ AS
SAMA | Aquamicron™ AS
SAMAK | Aquamicron™ AKS
XAMA | Aquamicron™ AX
XAMA01 | Aquamicron™ AX01
XAMI | Aquamicron™ AXI
CXU | Aquamicron™ CXU
GCHP | Aquamicron™ Check Solution P
SSX30M | Karl Fischer Reagent SSX-3mg
SSX10M | Karl Fischer Reagent SSX-1mg
OL2 | Aquamicron™ Solvent OL2
GEX | Aquamicron™ Solvent GEX
AWS100 | Aquamicron™ Water Standard 10mg H2O/g
AWS10 | Aquamicron™ Water Standard 1mg H2O/g
AWS02 | Aquamicron™ Water Standard 0.2mg H2O/g
AWS01 | Aquamicron™ Water Standard 0.1mg H2O/g
AKX | Aquamicron™ AKX
FLX | Aquamicron™ FLX
SWS | Aquamicron™ Solid Water Standard
SSZ10M (Manufactured before Feb, 2017) | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS-Z 1mg
SSZ10M (LOT No.B17066) | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS-Z 1mg
SSZ10M | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS-Z 1mg
SSZ30M | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS-Z 3mg
SSZ30L | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS-Z 3mg(L)
SSZ50M | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS-Z 5mg
SSZ50L | Aquamicron™ Titrant SS-Z 5mg(L)
OLX | Aquamicron™ Solvent OLX
KTX | Aquamicron™ Solvent KTX
FLS | Aquamicron™ FLS

Scope of Applications for Karl Fischer Method

How can be used with interference

Compound	Interference reaction	Treatment
		Volumetric titration		Coulometric titration
Ketones	React with methanol to produce ketal and water	Titrant SS-Z	Solvent KTX	AKX CXU
		Titrant SS	Solvent CP
Aldehydes	React with methanol to produce acetal and water React with sulfur dioxide and water 与甲醇反应生成缩醛和水与二氧化硫反应生成水	Titrant SS-Z	Solvent KTX	AKX CXU (suitable only for a certain aromatic aldehydes)
		Titrant SS	Solvent CP
Lower carboxylic acids	React with methanol to produce ester and water	Titrant SS-Z	Solvent KTX	AKX CXU
		Titrant SS	Solvent CP
Amines above pKa 9	Consume iodine gradually and the end-point becomes unstable	Titrant SS-Z	Solvent KTX	AKX CXU salicylic acid

卡尔·费希尔法可用于广泛的物质。然而，该方法依赖于一种基于卡尔·费舍尔试剂与水之间反应的碘量测定法。因此，如果样品中含有与碘反应的物质，则结果误差为正;如果样品中含有氧化碘化物产生碘的物质，则结果误差为负。下表列出了可以用卡尔·费歇尔试剂直接滴定的物质，不能直接滴定但可以根据适当的化学反应或过程通过调整滴定的物质，以及与卡尔·费歇尔试剂反应因而不适合直接滴定的物质。即使一种物质不能直接滴定，它的含水量也可以通过间接的方法测量，如水蒸汽法。

Compounds that can be titrated directly

Organic compounds
Hydrocarbons(saturated, unsaturated compounds) Alcohols, Polyhydric alcohols, Phenols, Ethers Inert ketones(diisopropyl ketone, et al) Inert aldehydes(formaldehyde, chloral, et al) Organic acids, Hydroxylic acids, amino acids Acid anhydrides Esters, Lactones, Inorganic acid esters Amines(<pka9), amino=”” alcohols<br=””> Proteins, Amides, Anilides Nitriles, Cyanhydrins, Cyanic acid derivatives Nitro compounds, Oximes, Hydroxamic acids Thiocyanate, Thioethers, Thioesters Halogenated hydrocarbons, Halogenated acyls Sugars, Organic salts and their hydrates
Inorganic compounds
Inorganic salts and their hydrates Inorganic acids Chelate compounds Fertilizers Calcium carbonate Polytungsten salts

Compounds that can be titrated directly after special processing or under certain conditions

经过特殊处理或在一定条件下可直接滴定的化合物

The examination will be necessary for the following compounds though it was said that these could be titrated directly by the following treatments in former references.

对下列化合物进行检查是必要的，尽管在以前的文献中说这些化合物可以通过下列处理直接滴定。

Compound	Treatment
Ammonia	Add acetic acid.
Ferric salts	Add 8-hydroxyquinoline.
Hydrazine derivatives	Add acetic acid.
Hydroxylamine salts	Add sulfur dioxide: pyridine solution (1:1).
Thiol(mercaptan)	Prevent interference by adding olefins(octene, etc.).
Sulfuric acid	If the sulfuric acid is 92%pure or higher, add a large surplus of pyridine and titrate it as a salt.
Thioacid	Prevent interference by adding olefins(octene, etc.).
Thiourea	Prevent interference by adding olefins(octene, etc.).

Compounds that react with Karl Fischer reagents and cannot be titrated directly

与卡尔·费舍尔试剂反应而不能直接滴定的化合物

Organic compounds
Ascorbic acid, Diacyl peroxides Peracids, Quinone
Inorganic compounds
Sodium sulfide, Sodium peroxide Chromates, Dichromates Ferric oxide, Nickel oxide, Arsenic trioxide Arsenates, Arsenites, Borates, Boron oxide Hydrogencarbonates, Carbonates Metal hydroxides, Metal oxides Sulfites, Pyrosulfites Sodium nitrite, Thiosulfates Cupric salts, Stannous salts

卡尔费舍试剂含有碘、二氧化硫、甲醇、氯仿、碳酸丙烯等多种物质。概述

1.使用的有机溶剂必须按照当地法律等进行处理。
2.工作区域应配备局部或通用通风系统。
3.如有必要，在处理卡尔·费舍尔试剂时佩戴口罩和手套。小心避免溢出。
4.避免吸入试剂，避免皮肤接触。如果试剂接触到你的手，用肥皂清洗该区域，用大量的水冲洗。如果吸入烟雾后感到不适，应在空气干净的地方安静休息。如果试剂溅进眼睛，用清水清洗至少10分钟，然后咨询医生。
5.如果工作服被污染，请立即脱下被污染的衣服。
6.如果试剂溢出，在受影响的区域铺上沙子或类似的材料后处理掉。
7.在储存试剂时，要仔细密封瓶子，并选择阴凉和通风良好的储存地点。防止试剂被水污染。
8.在处理使用过的溶液时，应注意添加到试剂中的测量样品的特性，并使用不造成环境污染的处理方法。

Karl Fischer reagents contain iodine, sulfur dioxide, methanol, chloroform, propylene carbonate and various other substances. As outlined

1. The organic solvents used must be handled in accordance with local laws, etc.
2. Work areas should be equipped with localized or general ventilation systems.
3. If necessary, wear a mask and gloves when handling Karl Fischer reagents. Take care to avoid spillage.
4. Avoid inhaling reagents and avoid skin contact. If a reagent comes into contact with your hands, wash the area with soap and rinse with ample water. If you feel unwell after inhaling fumes, rest quietly in a location with clean air. If a reagent splashes into your eyes, wash them with clean water for least 10 minutes and then consult your physician.
5. If work clothes are contaminated, remove the contaminated clothing immediately.
6. If reagents are spilled, dispose of them after spreading sand or a similar material over the affected area.
7. When storing reagents, seal the bottles carefully and select a storage location that is cool and well ventilated. Protect reagents from contamination by water.
8. When disposing of used solutions, be aware of the characteristics of the measurement sample added to the reagent, and use a disposal method that does not result in environmental contamination.