Intercept (PBS) Blocking Buffers are formulated to provide highly efficient blocking and low background variability for replicable quantitative Western blots and other immunoassays. Intercept (PBS) Blocking Buffer is the blocking buffer of choice for near-infrared fluorescent applications when using a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) system.
Contains no mammalian proteins for the lowest cross-reactivity with mammalian antibodies.
Excellent choice for biotin-streptavidin detection.
Suitable for a wide range of applications, including Western blots, In-Cell Western™ assays, and protein arrays.
For larger pack sizes, please contact your local sales office.
Intercept (PBS) Blocking Buffer is a ready-to-use blocker formulation in PBS. It contains no sodium azide, making it suitable for both near-infrared or chemiluminescent detection. It is stored at 4 °C and is also available in kits with Immobilon®-FL PVDF and nitrocellulose membranes.
Intercept (TBS) Blocking Buffers are formulated to provide highly efficient blocking and low background variability for replicable quantitative Western blots and other immunoassays. Intercept (TBS) Blocking Buffer is a ready-to-use blocker formulation in Tris-buffered saline (TBS).
Contains no mammalian proteins for the lowest cross-reactivity with mammalian antibodies.
Can be used with the widest range of targets for Western blot detection.
Ideal for primary antibodies that are optimized for Tris-based buffer systems.
Can be used for detection of phosphorylated targets.
Has superior performance for alkaline phosphatase detection.
Excellent choice for biotin-streptavidin detection.
For larger pack sizes, please contact your local sales office.
Intercept (TBS) 封闭缓冲液经过配制,可为可复制的定量蛋白质印迹和其他免疫测定提供高效封闭和低背景变异性。 Intercept (TBS) 封闭缓冲液是一种在 Tris 缓冲盐水 (TBS) 中的即用型封闭剂配方。
不含哺乳动物蛋白,与哺乳动物抗体的交叉反应性最低。
可用于最广泛的蛋白质印迹检测目标。
非常适合针对基于 Tris 的缓冲系统进行优化的一抗。
可用于检测磷酸化目标。
具有卓越的碱性磷酸酶检测性能。
生物素-链霉亲和素检测的绝佳选择。
如需更大的包装尺寸,请联系您当地的销售办事处。
Formulation
Intercept (TBS) Blocking Buffer is a ready-to-use blocker formulation in TBS. It contains no sodium azide, making it suitable for both near-infrared or chemiluminescent detection. It is stored at 4 °C and is also available in kits with Immobilon®-FL PVDF and nitrocellulose membranes.
Intercept (PBS) Protein-Free Blocking Buffers are formulated to provide highly efficient blocking and low background variability for replicable quantitative Western blots and other immunoassays. This buffer contains no proteins, for assays where use of animal-based products is prohibited.
Excellent choice for biotin-streptavidin detection.
Suitable for a wide range of applications, including Western blots, In-Cell Western™ assays, and protein arrays.
For larger pack sizes, please contact your local sales office.
Intercept (PBS) Protein-Free Blocking Buffer is a ready-to-use blocker formulation in phosphate-buffered saline and is stored at 4 °C. It contains no sodium azide, making it suitable for both near-infrared or chemiluminescent detection.
Intercept (PBS) 无蛋白封闭缓冲液是一种在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中的即用型封闭剂配方,可在 4 °C 下储存。 它不含叠氮化钠,因此适用于近红外或化学发光检测。
Shake well before each use.
Intercept (PBS) Protein-Free Blocking Buffer can be used for many immunoassays and applications, including:
Intercept T20 Antibody Diluents for use with Odyssey® Imaging Systems, are optimized for use with IRDye® Infrared Dye Reagents and other near-infrared fluorophores. All Intercept T20 Antibody Diluents provide excellent performance for quantitative and chemiluminescent Western blots, as well as other immunoassays.
Antibody diluents are used for the dilution of primary antibodies and secondary antibodies to the working concentration required for your experiments. Antibody diluents improve the specificity of primary and secondary antibodies, reducing off-target effects. This reduces background due to non-specific binding.
Intercept T20 Antibody Diluents are preformulated in-house with Tween® 20, a non-ionic detergent. There’s no need to mix the diluent yourself, which saves you time and reduces potential variation.
Intercept (TBS) Protein-Free Blocking Buffers are formulated to provide highly efficient blocking and low background variability for replicable quantitative Western blots and other immunoassays where animal-based products are prohibited. Intercept (TBS) Protein-Free Blocking Buffer is a ready-to-use blocker formulation in Tris-buffered saline (TBS).
Intercept (TBS) 无蛋白封闭缓冲液经过配制,可为可复制的定量蛋白质印迹和其他禁止使用动物产品的免疫分析提供高效封闭和低背景变异性。 Intercept (TBS) 无蛋白封闭缓冲液是一种在 Tris 缓冲盐水 (TBS) 中的即用型封闭剂配方。
Contains no proteins, for assays where animal-based products are prohibited.
Can be used with the widest range of targets for Western blot detection.
Ideal for primary antibodies that are optimized for Tris-based buffer systems.
Can be used for detection of phosphorylated targets.
Has superior performance for alkaline phosphatase detection.
Excellent choice for biotin-streptavidin detection.
不含蛋白质,用于禁止动物产品的化验。
可用于最广泛的蛋白质印迹检测目标。
非常适合针对基于 Tris 的缓冲系统进行优化的一抗。
可用于检测磷酸化目标。
具有卓越的碱性磷酸酶检测性能。
生物素-链霉亲和素检测的绝佳选择。
For larger pack sizes, please contact your local sales office.
Formulation
Intercept (TBS) Protein-Free Blocking Buffer is a ready-to-use blocker formulation in TBS and is stored at 4 °C. It contains no sodium azide, making it suitable for both near-infrared or chemiluminescent detection.
Intercept T20 (PBS) Protein-Free Antibody Diluent improves the specificity of the primary and secondary antibodies, reducing off-target effects. The diluent contains Intercept (PBS) Protein-Free Blocking Buffer preformulated with Tween® 20 for use in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) system. This diluent can be used where animal-based products are prohibited.
Since there’s no need to mix the diluent yourself, it saves you time and reduces potential variation.
Intercept T20 (TBS) Antibody Diluent improves the specificity of the primary and secondary antibodies, reducing off-target effects. The diluent contains Intercept (TBS) Blocking Buffer in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) preformulated with Tween® 20.
Since there’s no need to mix the diluent yourself, it saves you time and reduces potential variation.
Intercept® (TBS) Blocking Buffer and Diluent Kit,Intercept® (TBS) 封闭缓冲液和稀释剂试剂盒
Intercept® (PBS) Blocking Buffer and Diluent Kit,Intercept® (PBS) 封闭缓冲液和稀释剂试剂盒
Figure 1: Western blot protocol demonstrating the comparison of Intercept Blocking Buffer to Odyssey Blocking Buffer. Blots with serial dilution of mouse heart tissue extract were probed for Stat3 Mouse mAb and p38 MAPK Rabbit Ab, detected with IRDye 800CW Goat anti-Mouse IgG and IRDye 680LT Goat anti-Rabbit IgG, and scanned together on an Odyssey CLx Imaging System.
Intercept T20 (TBS) Protein-Free Antibody Diluent improves the specificity of the primary and secondary antibodies, reducing off-target effects. The diluent contains Intercept (TBS) Protein-Free Blocking Buffer in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) preformulated with Tween® 20. This diluent can be used where animal-based products are prohibited.
Since there’s no need to mix the diluent yourself, it saves you time and reduces potential variation.
Diluent C for Use with CellVue® Fluorescent Cell Labeling Kits,用于 CellVue® 荧光细胞标记试剂盒的稀释剂 C
Fluorescently Label Cells or Tissues for in vivo or in vitro Studies
CellVue fluorescent imaging kits use proprietary labeling technology to stably incorporate fluorescent dyes containing long aliphatic hydrocarbon tails into lipid membranes1. They are useful for researchers working in all aspects of science and technology where fluorescently-labeled cells and/or tissues are required. CellVue dyes also provide researchers with valuable tools for many in vivo and in vitro cell studies using fluorescent membrane labels.
The CellVue dyes are provided in an easy-to-use kit format containing a solution of the dye in ethanol and a cell labeling diluent. The labeling diluent, Diluent C, provided with the kit is an iso-osmotic aqueous solution that contains no physiologic salts or buffers, detergents, or organic solvents, and is designed to maintain cell viability while maximizing dye solubility and staining efficiency2, 3. The simple membrane labeling protocol provided with the kit is applicable to almost any type of cell or organism.
CellVue 染料以易于使用的试剂盒形式提供,其中包含染料乙醇溶液和细胞标记稀释剂。 试剂盒随附的标记稀释剂 Diluent C 是一种等渗水溶液,不含生理盐或缓冲液、去污剂或有机溶剂,旨在保持细胞活力,同时最大限度地提高染料溶解度和染色效率 2, 3。 试剂盒提供的简单膜标记方案适用于几乎任何类型的细胞或生物体。
Molecular Structure of CellVue Dyes
CellVue dyes consist of long aliphatic hydrocarbon tails linked to a polar fluorescent chromophore.
These extremely lipophilic fluorescent dyes rapidly and stably integrate into the phospholipid membrane of cells or other membrane-containing bioparticles by non-covalent interactions.
The dyes are stably maintained within the lipid bilayer through strong hydrophobic interactions and do not transfer into the unstained membranes of adjacent cells, which permits a labeled cell to be tracked for extended periods of time.
The rapid incorporation of the dye allows for immediate analysis of cell functions without a waiting period.
Horan, P. K., and Slezak, S. E., Nature, 340, 167-168 (1989).
Horan, P. K., et al., Methods Cell Biol., 33, 469-490 (1990).
Poon, R.Y., et al. In Living Color: Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Protocols, Diamond, R. A., and DeMaggio, S. (Eds.). p. 302-352 (Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000).
10X Orange Loading Dye is used as a loading buffer for DNA gel electrophoresis. This loading dye is not visualized when imaged on Odyssey® Imagers. The primary application for 10X Orange Loading Dye is for electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). When run on a 5% native acrylamide 1X TBE gel, the orange dye migrates with the 20-28 bp DNA fragment.
10X Orange Loading Dye 用作 DNA 凝胶电泳的上样缓冲液。 当在 Odyssey® Imagers 上成像时,这种加载染料不可见。 10X Orange Loading Dye 的主要应用是电泳迁移率变动分析 (EMSA)。 在 5% 天然丙烯酰胺 1X TBE 凝胶上运行时,橙色染料与 20-28 bp DNA 片段一起迁移。
Use Near-Infrared Click Chemistry Reagents for Biomolecule Labeling
Biomolecule labeling continues to be a cornerstone feature of many in vitro and in vivo biological experiments. Click Chemistry has become convenient and reliable method for labeling a wide variety of molecules for applications ranging from biomarker isolation to assay development.
Click Chemistry reagents from LI-COR offer several benefits:
Versatile alternatives to affinity-based detection
Chemoselectivity and easy-to-perform, high yielding reactions
Flexibility with a choice for copper-catalyzed and copper-free reactions
Click Chemistry Reactions
Click Chemistry utilizes pairs of reagents that exclusively react with each other and are effectively inert to naturally occurring functional groups such as amines.
Click Chemistry reactions can be categorized into two separate groups, copper-catalyzed or copper-free. Copper-catalyzed Click Chemistry is used for initiating reactions between azides and alkynes. Although they initiate and accelerate Click Reactions, copper catalysts are cytotoxic and inappropriate for use in living systems.
To address this limitation, copper-free methods have been developed to allow Click Chemistry with live cells and whole organisms.
Reagents > 4X Protein Sample Loading Buffer for Western Blots
4X Protein Sample Loading Buffer is optimized for use as a loading buffer for protein gel electrophoresis. This orange loading buffer is recommended for use with Odyssey® Imaging Systems as it does not fluoresce in the 700 nm channel the way blue loading buffers do. The buffer is optimized for use with SDS-PAGE and Tris-Glycine-SDS running buffer.
Mobility shift assay protocols can be easily converted to infrared fluorescent assays by replacing the existing DNA oligonucleotides with IRDye® infrared dye end-labeled oligonucleotides. Binding and electrophoresis conditions are the same as any other EMSA detection method.
A DNA oligonucleotide end-labeled with IRDye 700 infrared dye is a good substrate for protein binding. Using the Odyssey® Infrared Imaging System, IRDye infrared dye labeled DNA detection is linear within a 50-fold dilution range from 9.1 fmol to 0.18 fmol.
通过用 IRDye® 红外染料末端标记的寡核苷酸替换现有的 DNA 寡核苷酸,迁移率变化分析方案可以轻松转换为红外荧光分析。 结合和电泳条件与任何其他 EMSA 检测方法相同。
用 IRDye 700 红外染料末端标记的 DNA 寡核苷酸是蛋白质结合的良好底物。 使用 Odyssey® 红外成像系统,IRDye 红外染料标记的 DNA 检测在 9.1 fmol 至 0.18 fmol 的 50 倍稀释范围内是线性的。
Perform NIR Fluorescent EMSA and Save Time
Infrared fluorescent assays can be completed in less than two hours with no gel transfer or film exposure. The gel doesn’t even have to be removed from the glass plates for imaging. If you are not satisfied that the electrophoresis has progressed far enough, you can place the gel back into the electrophoresis unit and run longer.
Other IRDye 700 oligonucleotides as well as IRDye 800 oligonucleotides are available through Integrated DNA Technologies, TriLink BioTechnologies, or Metabion International AG.
其他 IRDye 700 寡核苷酸和 IRDye 800 寡核苷酸可通过 Integrated DNA Technologies、TriLink BioTechnologies 或 Metabion International AG 获得。
Near-Infrared Fluorescence Detection for Gel Shift Assays Has Advantages over Use of Radioisotopes
Infrared
Radioisotope
Easy access and disposal
Short half-life of the label
Dye is stable for a long time
Regulatory procedures
Disposal limitations
Non-hazardous
Hazardous
Gel (glass plates) can be easily imaged on the Odyssey
Reagents > 4X Protein Sample Loading Buffer and PVDF Membrane Kit
4X Protein Sample Loading Buffer (P/N 928-40004) is optimized for use as a loading buffer for protein gel electrophoresis. This orange-colored loading buffer has no dyes that may cause background as compare to other loading buffers with a blue dye component that can increase background.
The Immobilon®-FL PVDF membrane included in these kits has been tested to ensure a low-background for near-infrared fluorescent Western blot success.
Perform Fast, Cost-Effective Cell-Based Western Assays
The In-Cell Western Assay is an immunocytochemical assay that uses fluorescence to detect and quantify proteins in cells that have been cultured in microplates. Detecting proteins in their cellular context increases quantification precision.
This process allows for higher throughput compared to Western blotting and eliminates typical Western blotting steps such as cell lysate preparation, electrophoresis, and membrane transfer. Cost per well is reduced to a fraction of the cost of typical screening methods with CellTag™ Stain In-Cell Western Kits.
CellTag Stains are a fluorescent, non-specific cell stain that provides accurate normalization to cell number for In-Cell Western applications. The stain accumulates in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of permeabilized cells and provides linear fluorescent signal across a wide range of cell types and cell numbers. CellTag Stains are applied to the cells during incubation with IRDye® Secondary Antibodies and enable accurate measurement of target protein levels with much higher throughput than Western blotting.
In-Cell Western 检测是一种免疫细胞化学检测,它使用荧光检测和量化微孔板中培养的细胞中的蛋白质。在细胞环境中检测蛋白质可提高定量精度。
与蛋白质印迹法相比,该过程允许更高的通量,并消除了典型的蛋白质印迹法步骤,例如细胞裂解物制备、电泳和膜转移。使用 CellTag™ Stain In-Cell Western Kits 将每孔成本降低到典型筛选方法成本的一小部分。
CellTag 染色剂是一种荧光非特异性细胞染色剂,可为 In-Cell Western 应用提供准确的细胞数标准化。该染料在透化细胞的细胞核和细胞质中积累,并在各种细胞类型和细胞数量中提供线性荧光信号。在与 IRDye® 二抗孵育期间将 CellTag Stains 应用于细胞,并能够以比蛋白质印迹高得多的通量准确测量靶蛋白水平。
IRDye Infrared Fluorescent Dyes and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging deliver enhanced sensitivity due to low background autofluorescence in the near-infrared region and, therefore, higher signal-to-noise ratios.
IRDye Fluorescent Dyes have absorption and emission wavelengths in the NIR spectrum, between 680 and 800 nm. Most of the IRDye reagents are compatible with the Odyssey® DLx, Odyssey XF, Odyssey Sa, Pearl® Imagers, and 4300 DNA Analyzer platforms.
Standard NHS ester chemistry is used to produce custom probes labeled with LI-COR IRDye Infrared Dyes. The NHS ester reactive group provides the functionality for labeling primary and secondary amino groups.
Maleimides
IRDye maleimides provide the functionality for labeling molecules that contain free sulfhydryl (-SH) groups with IRDye Infrared Dyes. The reactive group of the IRDye maleimide allows conjugation reactions to be performed very efficiently at physiological pH.
Assays that use infrared dye conjugates (such as in vivo imaging and cell binding assays) may require a “dye-only” control for potential effects or retention of the dye. The carboxylate dye has no reactive group and cannot be used for labeling.
Carboxylate dye forms can serve as an ideal control for cell-based assays that monitor binding of a dye-labeled agent to validate optical agents for in vivo administration and to evaluate binding specificity. This dye form can also be used to evaluate the behavior and clearance of the dye itself and as a standard to determine the amount of unreacted (“free”) dye after conjugation and purification.
IRDye Protein Labeling Kits label antibodies, other proteins, and peptides for applications such as Western blots, In Cell Western™ assays, in vivo imaging, and whole organ or tissue section assays. Applications of dye-labeled conjugates vary, depending on the IRDye used for labeling.
IRDye Labeling Kits
DBCO, Alkyne, and Azide Dye Forms Used for Click Chemistry
Biomolecule labeling continues to be a cornerstone feature of many in vitro and in vivo biological experiments. Click Chemistry has recently emerged as a convenient, versatile, and reliable method for labeling a wide variety of molecules for applications ranging from biomarker isolation to assay development. Click Chemistry utilizes pairs of reagents that exclusively react with each other and are effectively inert to naturally occurring functional groups such as amines
LI-COR offers DBCO, azide, and alkyne dye forms of IRDye 800CW and IRDye 680RD.
Click Chemistry Dyes
IRDye Properties and Forms Available
Dye
Exmax (nm)*
Emmax (nm)*
NHS Ester
Maleimide
Carboxylate
DBCO
Azide
Alkyne
Phosphoramidite
LI-COR Channel
IRDye 800CW
778
794
800 nm
IRDye 800RS
770
786
800 nm
IRDye 800 phosphoramidite
787
812
800 nm
IRDye 750
766
776
IRDye 700 phosphoramidite
680
697
700 nm
IRDye 680LT**
680
694
700 nm
IRDye 680RD
680
694
700 nm
* Data collected using methanol as the solvent.
** IRDye 680LT dye products should not be used for small animal in vivo imaging or In-Cell Western Assays. The higher level of fluorescent intensity creates high background making it unfavorable for use in these applications. We recommend using IRDye 680RD dye products for these applications.
Which 700 Channel Dye Should I Use?
LI-COR offers three distinct 700 channel dyes for a variety of applications. Choosing the correct dye is critical when developing an experiment. A summary of each dye and an application table are provided to help you determine which dye is best for your needs.
IRDye 680RD
IRDye 680RD is the near-infrared fluorescent dye of choice for small animal imaging, Western blot, and In-Cell Western Assay applications in the 700nm channel. It has the lowest background compared to LI-COR’s other 700 nm dyes and can be used for the widest variety of applications with little optimization. The NHS ester and maleimide forms of this infrared dye are ideal for labeling proteins, peptides, and antibodies. LI-COR offers a variety of IRDye 680RD dyes, labeling kits and secondary antibodies.
IRDye 680LT
IRDye 680LT is significantly brighter and more photostable than many other 700 nm near-infrared dyes such as Alexa Fluor® 680. It provides superior performance for protein detection applications, including microscopy and Western blot applications. LI-COR offers a variety of IRDye 680LT dyes, labeling kits, and secondary antibodies. When using IRDye 680LT secondary antibodies for Western blot detection, it is critical to follow the recommendations in the pack insert. Dilution optimization may be required to achieve best results.
Application
IRDye 680RD
IRDye 680LT
Western Blot
In-Cell Western Assay
not recommended
On-Cell Western Assay
not recommended
RNAi Screens
for Western blots only
Protein Array
Immunohistochemistry
Microscopy
2D Gel Detection
Tissue Section Imaging
FRET-based Assays
Small Animal Imaging
not recommended
IRDye Infrared Dyes are Optimized for Near-Infrared Fluorescent Detection
IRDye Near-Infrared Dyes are optimized for excitation and detection in the near-infrared spectrum, providing numerous benefits.
Low background autofluorescence allows higher signal to noise ratios (see Figure 1)
Wide range of dyes and functional groups available for multiple applications
LI-COR offers IRDye 800CW that has been manufactured under current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) and is available for conjugation to targeted biomolecules for investigational use in clinical trials. In September of 2007, LI-COR Biosciences announced the successful completion of animal toxicity studies of its IRDye 800CW infrared dye carboxylic acid using a protocol reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration. The completion of the toxicity studies was a key milestone in the development of the IRDye 800CW dye for potential clinical imaging use. The complete report was published in 2010 and is available to the public. In addition, drug master files (DMF) are on record with U.S. and European regulatory authorities.
LI-COR IRDye Infrared Fluorescent Dyes are used for protein and cellular assays, microscopy, and in vivo molecular imaging in animals for research purposes. IRDye 800CW is cited in a wide variety of published non-clinical research for labeling nucleic acids, antibodies, proteins, and peptides where there is a need for high signal, low background imaging. With an 800nm emission wavelength, the IRDye 800CW dye is spectrally ideal for animal imaging research.
While the IRDye 800CW dye has successfully completed toxicity studies, it has not been studied for diagnostic or therapeutic use in humans, and has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for this use. LI-COR is exploring options for additional studies as next steps in the Food and Drug Administration approval process leading toward clinical use.
LI-COR IRDye Infrared Dyes are Being Used in Clinical Trials
IRDye 800CW conjugated probes and agents have propelled more than 20 Phase I and Phase II clinical trials, To learn more about LI-COR infrared dye conjugates being used in clinical trials, visit Probe Development Clinical Applications.
To discuss purchase quantities over 1 gram or commercial development rights using IRDye infrared dyes, please contact Business Development.
Reagents > 96-Well Plate for In-Cell Western™ Assays
Sterile cell culture plates optimized for use for the In-Cell Western Assay. These plates include a lid and have a clear, polystyrene bottom with black walls.
无菌细胞培养板优化用于 In-Cell Western Assay。 这些盘子包括一个盖子,并有一个透明的聚苯乙烯底部和黑色的墙壁。
IRDye® 800CW Protein Labeling Kits,IRDye® 800CW 蛋白质标记试剂盒
IRDye® 680RD Protein Labeling Kits,IRDye® 680RD 蛋白质标记试剂盒
IRDye® 680LT Protein Labeling Kits,IRDye® 680LT 蛋白质标记试剂盒
IRDye® 650 Protein Labeling Kits,IRDye® 650 蛋白质标记试剂盒
IRDye® Protein Labeling Kits label antibodies and other proteins for applications such as Western blots, In Cell Western™ assays, in vivo imaging, and whole organ or tissue section assays. Applications vary depending on the IRDye infrared dye selected for labeling. Please refer to specific dye page to find out which applications apply to each IRDye NHS ester.
IRDye reactive dyes bear an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) reactive group that couples to free amino groups and forms a stable conjugate. Proteins other than IgG antibodies can be labeled, but protocol adjustment and optimization may be necessary.
IRDye labeling kits are based on a simple conjugation protocol that uses fast, spin column cleanup with resulting purity equivalent to purification by dialysis. Simply dissolve the protein in the provided buffer, combine it with the appropriate amount of water-soluble amine-reactive IRDye, and separate the labeled conjugate from the free dye using the included spin columns. Labeling and purification are complete in approximately 2 hours.
For more information, refer to the IRDye Peptide Labeling Application Guide.
Streptavidin binds to biotin very strongly and is used to detect biotinylated proteins.
Fluorescent dye-labeled streptavidins can be used as a secondary detection reagent for microscopy, protein arrays, In-Gel Westerns, and Western blotting.
All streptavidins are supplied as a liquid in buffer containing 10 mM phosphate, 183 mM NaCl, 2.7 nM KCl, pH 7.4 with sodium azide 0.005% (w/v) as a preservative.
To use, centrifuge briefly before use to eliminate aggregates that may have formed in solution. For IRDye® Streptavidin, a final concentration of 0.2 to 1.0 µg/ml (1:1,000 to 1:5,000) is usually satisfactory for most applications. For VRDye™ Streptavidin, a concentration of 1:2,000 to 1:5,000 is usually satisfactory for Western blotting. However, appropriate dilution may need to be determined empirically.
For membrane-based applications and In-Gel Westerns, it is recommended to add SDS (0.02% to 0.1% final concentration), in addition to Tween® 20 (0.1 to 0.2% final concentration) during the detection incubation step to reduce non-specific background staining.
所有链霉亲和素均以缓冲液形式提供,缓冲液中含有 10 mM 磷酸盐、183 mM NaCl、2.7 nM KCl,pH 7.4,叠氮化钠 0.005% (w/v) 作为防腐剂。
Reagents > CellTag™ 520 Stain for In-Cell Western™ Assays
CellTag 520 Stain is a visible fluorescent, non-specific cell stain that provides accurate normalization to cell number for In-Cell Western™ Assay applications.
The stain accumulates in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of permeabilized cells, and provides linear fluorescent signal across a wide range of cell types and cell numbers.
CellTag 520 Stain is detected in the 520 nm channel. CellTag 520 Stain is applied to the cells during incubation with an IRDye® Secondary Antibodies (e.g., IRDye 680RD or IRDye 800CW), and enables accurate measurement of target protein levels with much higher throughput than Western blotting.
PBS Blocking Buffer and PVDF Kits,PBS 封闭缓冲液和 PVDF 试剂盒
TBS Blocking Buffer and PVDF Kits,TBS 封闭缓冲液和 PVDF 试剂盒
Odyssey® Nitrocellulose Membranes,Odyssey® 硝酸纤维素膜
4X Protein Sample Loading Buffer and PVDF Membrane Kit,4X 蛋白质上样缓冲液和 PVDF 膜试剂盒
A low-background membrane is essential for infrared Western blot success. Background can be attributed to membrane autofluorescence or to detection of antibody non-specifically binding to the membrane.
低背景膜对于红外蛋白质印迹的成功至关重要。 背景可归因于膜自发荧光或检测到与膜非特异性结合的抗体。
Rely on Quality and Performance with LI-COR Western Blot Membranes
LI-COR has evaluated many different membranes for Western blotting; examples of membrane performance can be seen in the figure below. There is typically more variability in PVDF membrane performance than for nitrocellulose membranes.
LI-COR offers high-quality, prescreened Immobilon®-FL PVDF, without lot-to-lot variability, packaged in affordable kits with the Intercept™ Blocking Buffer (PBS or TBS), or with 4X Protein Sample Loading Buffer. LI-COR also offers nitrocellulose membranes in both sheets and rolls.
Reagents > CellTag™ 700 Stain for In-Cell Western™ Assays
CellTag 700 Stain is a near-infrared fluorescent, non-specific cell stain that provides accurate normalization to cell number for In-Cell Western™ Assay applications.
The stain accumulates in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of permeabilized cells, and provides linear fluorescent signal across a wide range of cell types and cell numbers.
CellTag 700 Stain is detected in the 700 nm channel of Odyssey® CLx, Classic, and Sa Imaging Systems. CellTag 700 Stain is applied to the cells during incubation with an IRDye® 800CW secondary antibody, and enables accurate measurement of target protein levels with much higher throughput than Western blotting.
Evaluate Sample Loading Consistency and Uniformity with Odyssey Loading Indicators
Odyssey Loading Indicators (OLI) provide a simple, convenient method to evaluate the consistency of sample loading volume across gel lanes, as well as the uniformity of Western blot transfer.
It is essential to have consistent sample loading between gel lanes for comparative and quantitative Western blot analysis. By adding equal amounts of an Odyssey Loading Indicator, you can determine if loading was consistent or if a pipetting error occurred.
Evaluate Consistency. Ensure samples were equally loaded in each lane.
Check Uniform Transfer. Confirm that transfer from gel to membrane was uniform.
Assess Stable Expression. Help determine if a housekeeping protein is stably expressed and can be used for Western blot normalization.
Note: Accurate normalization relies on an internal loading control, an endogenous protein used as an indicator of sample concentration. Since the OLI is an exogenous protein, it functions as an external loading control, and cannot be used for normalization. However, you can use OLI to help check if your internal loading control is stably expressed.
Visit our Western blot Normalization page for more information on Western blot normalization strategies.
Assess Stable Expression of Housekeeping Proteins for Normalization
If you’re using a housekeeping protein to normalize Western blot data, you must validate that its expression is constant across all samples and is unaffected by experimental conditions. As an exogenous protein, the Odyssey Loading Indicator is not subject to up- or down-regulation as a function of experimental sample treatment. A stable signal for an OLI across several lanes indicates that any signal variation for the housekeeping protein was not caused by inconsistent sample loading.
如果您使用看家蛋白来标准化蛋白质印迹数据,您必须验证其在所有样品中的表达是恒定的,并且不受实验条件的影响。 作为外源性蛋白质,Odyssey Loading Indicator 不受实验样品处理的上调或下调影响。 跨多个泳道的 OLI 信号稳定表明管家蛋白的任何信号变化都不是由不一致的样品加载引起的。
“‘House-keeping’ proteins should not be used for normalization without evidence that experimental manipulations do not affect their expression.”
Figure 2. Assessing stable expression of tubulin and COX IV with OLI. The housekeeping protein signal intensity was plotted, along with signal intensities of OLI and Revert 700 Total Protein Stain. Both (A) tubulin and (B) COX IV signals varied in response to treatment, while Revert 700 Total Protein Stain signals and OLI signals remained constant. These quantitative data indicate the expression of both housekeeping proteins was affected by Etoposide treatment.
图 2. 使用 OLI 评估微管蛋白和 COX IV 的稳定表达。 绘制管家蛋白信号强度以及 OLI 和 Revert 700 总蛋白染色剂的信号强度。 (A) 微管蛋白和 (B) COX IV 信号均随治疗而变化,而 Revert 700 Total Protein Stain 信号和 OLI 信号保持不变。 这些定量数据表明两种看家蛋白的表达都受到依托泊苷处理的影响。
The CellVue Burgundy cell labeling kit uses proprietary membrane labeling technology to stably incorporate CellVue Burgundy, a fluorescent dye with long aliphatic tails, into lipid regions of the cell membrane1. The labeling buffer provided with the kit (Diluent C) is an iso-osmotic aqueous solution which contains no physiologic salts or buffers, detergents, or organic solvents and is designed to maintain cell viability while maximizing dye solubility and staining efficiency. The labeling efficiency of staining is dependent upon the cell type being labeled and the membranes of the cells2, 3.
Use NIR Fluorescent Labeling for Cell Tracking and Cell Proliferation Studies
CellVue products have been reported to be useful for short-term in vitro cell proliferation studies4, cell tracking in isolated organ preparation applications5, and cell tracking using the Pearl® Small Animal Imaging System or Odyssey® CLx or Odyssey Classic Infrared Imaging System6.
Kit Components
CellVue Burgundy dye stock (1 vial containing 0.1 mL, 1 x 10-3 M in ethanol)
Diluent C (1 vial containing 10 mL, sufficient for 5 labeling reactions)
CellVue 勃艮第染料储备(1 瓶含 0.1 mL,1 x 10-3 M 乙醇溶液)
稀释剂 C(1 瓶含有 10 mL,足以进行 5 次标记反应)
Excitation and Emission Properties of CellVue Burgundy Dye
The excitation and emission properties of CellVue Burgundy dye are compatible with a range of commercially available near-infrared fluorescent plate readers, flow cytometers, in vitro and in vivo fluorescent imaging systems, and confocal microscopes.
Data Example using CellVue Burgundy Kit
References
Horan, P. K., and Slezak, S. E., Nature, 340, 167-168 (1989).
Horan, P. K., et al., Methods Cell Biol., 33, 469-490 (1990).
Poon, R.Y., et al. In Living Color: Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Protocols, Diamond, R. A., and DeMaggio, S. (Eds.). p. 302-352 (Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000).
Stewart, C. C., Woodring, M. L., Podniesinski, E. and Gray, B. D. Flow Cytometer in the Infrared: Inexpensive Modifications to a Commercial Instrument. Cytometry, Part A, 67A, #2, 104-111 (2005).
Al-Mehdi, A-B, et al. Increased Depth of Cellular Imaging in the Intact Lung Using Far Red and Near Infrared Fluorescent Probes. Int. J. Biomed. Imag., Vol 2006, Article ID 37470, p 1-7.
Thomas, D. L., et al., Experimental Manipulations of Afferent Immune Responses Influence Efferent Immune Responses to Brain Tumors. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. Sep, 57(9): 1323-33 (2008).
CellVue is a registered trademark of PTI Research, Inc, used under license. CellVue products are sold under license from PTI Research, Inc.. US Patent # 8,029,767B2.
Every LI-COR BrightSite IRDye in vivo imaging agent has been carefully validated with cultured cell assays, microscopy, in vivo imaging of animal models, and histology to ensure high affinity and specificity.
BrightSite IRDye Small Animal Imaging Agents are:
Ready-to-use probes that are simple to administer, allowing you to begin animal studies immediately
Sensitive, offering the high signal-to-noise advantages of near-infrared fluorescence which are especially important for small or deep targets
Cited in several hundred peer-reviewed publications so you can use them with confidence
Imaged with any small animal imaging equipment with appropriate 680 nm or 800 nm filter sets
Compatible with most small animal imaging systems, including instruments from LI-COR Biosciences (Pearl® and Odyssey®), PerkinElmer (Xenogen, Caliper, CRi, and VisEn), and Bruker (Carestream and Kodak)
IRDye 800CW absorption/emission near 800 nm matches near-infrared absorption minima for bodily fluids and tissues, resulting in excellent tissue penetration, making it ideal for in vivo imaging.
Detect Apoptotic and Necrotic Cells, Bacteria and Other Anionic Membranes
LI-COR also offers the PSVue® 794 Reagent Kit which can be used to detect apoptotic and necrotic cells, bacteria and other anionic membranes.
LI-COR 还提供 PSVue® 794 试剂盒,可用于检测凋亡和坏死细胞、细菌和其他阴离子膜。
Fluorescently Label Cells or Tissues for in vivo or in vitro Studies
CellVue® fluorescent imaging kits use proprietary labeling technology to stably incorporate fluorescent dyes containing long aliphatic hydrocarbon tails into lipid membranes.1 They are useful for researchers working in all aspects of science and technology where fluorescently-labeled cells and/or tissues are required. CellVue dyes also provide researchers with valuable tools for many in vivo and in vitro cell studies using fluorescent membrane labels.
CellVue dyes consist of long aliphatic hydrocarbon tails linked to a polar fluorescent chromophore.
These extremely lipophilic fluorescent dyes rapidly and stably integrate into the phospholipid membrane of cells or other membrane-containing bioparticles by non-covalent interactions
The dyes are stably maintained within the lipid bilayer through strong hydrophobic interactions and do not transfer into the unstained membranes of adjacent cells, which permits a labeled cell to be tracked for extended periods of time
The rapid incorporation of the dye allows for immediate analysis of cell functions without a waiting period
Molar extinction coefficient characteristics of water, hemoglobin and oxygenated hemoglobin (400-1000 nm). IRDye infrared dyes have ideal excitation/emission wavelengths for in vivo imaging.
Selecting the Right Optical Imaging Agent
Application
IRDye EGF
IRDye RGD
IRDye 2-DG
IRDye PEG
IRDye BoneTag
CellVue
PSVue
Tumor Imaging
Metabolic Imaging
Inflammation/Arthritis
Vasculature (Contrast)
Lymphatic Imaging
Lymph Node Imaging
Structural Imaging
Cell Trafficking
Apoptosis
References
Horan, P. K., and Slezak, S. E. (1989) Nature, 340. 167-168.
The CellVue NIR815 cell labeling kit uses proprietary membrane labeling technology to stably incorporate CellVue NIR815, a fluorescent dye with long aliphatic tails, into lipid regions of the cell membrane1. The labeling buffer provided with the kit (Diluent C) is an iso-osmotic aqueous solution which contains no physiologic salts or buffers, detergents, or organic solvents and is designed to maintain cell viability while maximizing dye solubility and staining efficiency. The labeling efficiency of staining is dependent upon the cell type being labeled and the membranes of the cells2, 3.
NIR Cell Linker Used for Short-term in vitro Studies
CellVue NIR815 dye has been reported to be useful for short-term in vitro cell proliferation studies4, cell tracking in isolated organ preparation applications5, and cell tracking using the Pearl® Small Animal Imaging System or Odyssey® CLx Imager or Odyssey Classic Infrared Imaging System6.
Kit Components
CellVue NIR815 dye stock (1 vial containing 0.1 mL, 1 x 10-3 M in ethanol)
Diluent C (1 vial containing 10 mL, sufficient for 5 labeling reactions)
Excitation and Emission Properties of CellVue NIR815 Dye
The excitation and emission properties of CellVue NIR815 dye are compatible with a range of commercially available near-infrared fluorescent plate readers, flow cytometers, in vitro and in vivo fluorescent imaging systems, and confocal microscopes.
Horan, P. K., and Slezak, S. E., Nature, 340, 167-168 (1989).
Horan, P. K., et al., Methods Cell Biol., 33, 469-490 (1990).
Poon, R.Y., et al. In Living Color: Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Protocols, Diamond, R. A., and DeMaggio, S. (Eds.). p. 302-352 (Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000).
Stewart, C. C., Woodring, M. L., Podniesinski, E. and Gray, B. D. Flow Cytometer in the Infrared: Inexpensive Modifications to a Commercial Instrument. Cytometry, Part A, 67A, #2, 104-111 (2005).
Al-Mehdi, A-B, et al. Increased Depth of Cellular Imaging in the Intact Lung Using Far Red and Near Infrared Fluorescent Probes. Int. J. Biomed. Imag., Vol 2006, Article ID 37470, p 1-7.
Thomas, D. L., et al., Experimental Manipulations of Afferent Immune Responses Influence Efferent Immune Responses to Brain Tumors. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.Sep, 57(9): 1323-33 (2008).
CellVue is a registered trademark of PTI Research, Inc, used under license. CellVue products are sold under license from PTI Research, Inc.. US Patent # 8,029,767B2.
When performing quantitative Western blots, internal loading controls and normalization are essential for reliable, precise comparison of protein expression. LI-COR offers several primary antibodies which can be used for two-color normalization when performing multiplex Western blots or for cell-based assay normalization, such as for In-Cell Western™ Assays.
For Western blots, lysate preparation, sample loading, and membrane transfer introduce unavoidable variation. After validation, housekeeping proteins (HKP) can be used for normalization of protein levels.
Normalize and correct for uneven loading, using the intensity of the internal loading control
Visually compare protein levels with confidence, even if you don’t quantify bands
Ensure that visually-observed changes in protein levels represent actual change, not artifacts
Read more about using a housekeeping protein as an internal loading control.
When using an HKP as your normalization strategy, it’s important to validate your HKP for each experiment to ensure its expression is stable. Many factors can influence expression including tissue, treatment, and cell density.
“‘House-keeping’ proteins should not be used for normalization without evidence that experimental manipulations do not affect their expression.”
The Housekeeping Protein Validation Protocol can help you validate that your HKP expression is not changing with treatment. The Housekeeping Protein Normalization Protocol will guide you through the right experimental steps and calculations for normalization using an HKP. Validating your HKP is the only way to know that expression is not affected by the conditions of your experiment
For In-Cell Western Assays, a second protein target (such as actin, tubulin, COX IV, or GAPDH) can be used for normalization. Abundance of the normalization target must be unaffected by the cell treatments used.
Learn more about ICW assay normalization methods.
Comparison of Housekeeping Loading Controls
The table below has a few examples of some common housekeeping proteins, their molecular weights, and a few considerations. This list is not complete, and any housekeeping protein you choose should be fully validated for your system under study.
Western Blot Normalization and Publication Requirements
Sign up to review the science, best practices and mechanics of normalization strategies. Housekeeping proteins can be used as a strategy for Western blot normalization with the right experimental design. Find out what publishers need from you when using the housekeeping protein normalization strategy.
Lambda U® online learning portal is an online, on-demand resources can help ensure that you are getting the very best Western blot data.
Cazzalini O, Sommatis S, Tillhon M, Dutto I, Bachi A, Rapp A, Nardo T, Scovassi AI, Necchi D, Cardoso MC, Stivala LA, Prosperi E. (2014) CBP and p300 acetylate PCNA to link its degradation with nucleotide excision repair synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 42(13): 8433-48.
Lanoix D, St-Pierre J, Lacasse A-A, Viau M, Lafond J, Vaillancourt C. (2012) Stability of reference proteins in human placenta: General protein stains are the benchmark. Placenta. 33: 151–156.
Pérez-Pérez R, López JA, García-Santos E, Camafeita E, Gómez-Serrano M, Ortega-Delgado FJ, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM, Peral B. (2012) Uncovering Suitable Reference Proteins for Expression Studies in Human Adipose Tissue with Relevance to Obesity. PLoS ONE 7(1): e30326.
Barber RD, Harmer DW, Coleman RA, Clark BJ. (2005) GAPDH as a housekeeping gene: analysis of GAPDH mRNA expression in a panel of 72 human tissues. Physiol Genomics. 21(3): 389-95.
Rocha-Martins M, Njaine B, Silveira MS. (2012) Avoiding Pitfalls of Internal Controls: Validation of Reference Genes for Analysis by qRT-PCR and Western Blot throughout Rat Retinal Development. PLoS ONE 7(8): e43028.
Eaton SL, Roche SL, Llavero Hurtado M, Oldknow KJ, Farquharson C, Gillingwater TH, Wishart TM. (2013) Total Protein Analysis as a Reliable Loading Control for Quantitative Fluorescent Western Blotting. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72457.
Yu HR, Kuo HC, Huang HC, Huang LT, Tain YL, Chen CC, Liang CD, Sheen JM, Lin IC, Wu CC, Ou CY, Yang KD. (2011) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a reliable internal control in western blot analysis of leukocyte subpopulations from children. Anal Biochem. 413(1): 24–9.
Western Blot Normalization and Publication Requirements
Sign up to review the science, best practices and mechanics of normalization strategies. Housekeeping proteins can be used as a strategy for Western blot normalization with the right experimental design. Find out what publishers need from you when using the housekeeping protein normalization strategy.
Lambda U® online learning portal is an online, on-demand resources can help ensure that you are getting the very best Western blot data.
His Mag Sepharose excel是一种磁性固定化金属离子亲和层析(IMAC)介质,预先带有镍离子,并稳定结合在chelating配体上。该介质可实现小规模捕获、提纯和可重复筛选从真核细胞—比如昆虫细胞或中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞表达或分泌到细胞培养上清中的组氨酸标记蛋白。Mag Sepharose产品在小规模实验中具有优良的性能。高密度琼脂糖磁珠允许被磁性装置快速捕获,而微球的可见性确保能够在提纯期间,可靠地收集结合的组氨酸标记蛋白。该基质基于包含磁性物质的琼脂糖介质制备。
His Mag Sepharose提供三种不同包装尺寸规格的10%混悬液(2 x 1 ml, 5 x 1 ml, and 10 x 1 ml),并且可以和不同的试管、磁性架结合使用,比如MagRack 6 – 适用于1.5 ml以内的试管,或MagRack Maxi-适用于50 ml以内的试管。根据推荐的说明书,1 ml混悬液足够用于5次反应。产品交付时装载在试管中,包含1 ml 10% (v/v)混悬液,其中包含100μl的磁珠。
Chameleon® Vue Pre-stained Protein Ladder,Chameleon® Vue 预染蛋白阶梯
Chameleon® NIR Prestained Protein Ladders,Chameleon® NIR 预染蛋白阶梯
Odyssey® One-Color Protein Molecular Weight Marker,Odyssey® 单色蛋白质分子量标记
WesternSure® Pre-stained Protein Ladder
What is a Protein Marker or Protein Ladder?
A protein marker (also called a protein molecular weight marker, a protein MW marker, or a protein ladder) is used to estimate the size of proteins resolved by gel electrophoresis.
All markers are optimized for use with LI-COR imaging systems but can be used with other imagers.
LI-COR protein ladders and markers are visible on the gel during the run, so you can monitor protein migration.
Markers are used to monitor transfer efficiency from gel to blotting membrane.
* Chameleon Vue can be detected with chemiluminescence when used with the WesternSure Pen, P/N 926-91000
Western Blot Gel Preparation
Sign up to review the science, best practices and mechanics of gel preparation for free, including the use of molecular weight markers at Lambda U® online learning portal.
These online, on-demand resources can help ensure that you are getting the very best Western blot data.
Sign Up
Western Blot Gel Preparation
Sign up to review the science, best practices and mechanics of gel preparation for free, including the use of molecular weight markers at Lambda U® online learning portal.
These online, on-demand resources can help ensure that you are getting the very best Western blot data.
4X Protein Sample Loading Buffer and PVDF Membrane Kit,4X 蛋白质上样缓冲液和 PVDF 膜试剂盒
Protein Sample Loading Buffer for Western Blots
4X Protein Sample Loading Buffer is optimized for use as a loading buffer for protein gel electrophoresis. This orange loading buffer is recommended for use with Odyssey® Imaging Systems as it does not fluoresce in the 700nm channel the way blue loading buffers do. The buffer is optimized for use with SDS-PAGE and Tris-Glycine-SDS running buffer.
Protein Sample Loading Buffer and PVDF Kit for Western Blots
The 4X Protein Sample Loading Buffer and PVDF Membrane Kit comes with 1 roll of Immobilon®-FL PVDF Membrane and 1 bottle of 4X Protein Sample Loading Buffer, 15 mL.